...global crisis. This has placed Beijing into a strategic conflict where they are forced to go on the defense. China built a land-based fortress through the Belt and Road Initiative (New Silk Road) to bypass US chokepoints at sea with hundreds of billions having been poured into railways, pipelines and ports designed to create an overland escape route from Western maritime pressure. This is existential to China’s survival as a nation and Iran lies at the heart of that fortress. As American a...
...nd Israeli bombs rain down on the Iranian people, Beijing watches its Eurasian strategy come under siege. And we are watching Mackinder’s heartland theory play out in real life. The Heartland Theory Sir Halford John Mackinder, the well-known British geographer who’s considered a founding father of modern geopolitics and geostrategy, wrote an essay in 1904 called The Geographical Pivot of History. In this work he coined the phrase “The World Island” which consists of Africa, #Europe and A...
...sia, and where he described the following territory as the “heartland” of the World Island: all areas East of the Volga, South of the Arctic, West of the Yangtze, and North of the Himalayas. This region of the world is very rich in natural resources and it’s in a very strategic location because it connects China, the Middle East, and #Russia (and the USSR before them) with Africa and Europe. It’s also where some of the major routes on the ancient Silk Road were. For these reasons, Mackin...
...ehran to Hamadan, modernized the ports of Chabahar and Bandar Abbas, and developed the Azadegan and Yadavaran oil fields. In July 2025, Beijing signed a contract to electrify the 1,000 km Sarakhs-Razi railway connecting the border of Turkmenistan to Turkey which is a route Tehran has described as “the safest and most economical link” between China and Europe. China planned to bypass the Malacca Strait and secure energy supplies beyond US naval reach through the Iranians. However, now the...
...der declared that whoever controls the heartland controls the world. China's Revolutionary Land-Based Strategy Iran is not just another trading partner for China. The country sits at the crossroads of Mackinder's theorized heartland—Central Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East—a natural bridge linking Russia, India, the Asia-Pacific, Africa and Europe. Chinese companies have spent two decades building up and embedding themselves into Iranian infrastructure. They built the railway from T...